Construction of tires

The tire has an exceptional importance for the transmission of forces between the car and the road. The design affects not only the tire handling and comfort of travel, but by extension, driving safety.

Each tire is composed of three main components: rubber (80-85%), various fibers (12-15%) and steel cord (2-3%). The modern tire is actually reinforced rubber composites, the basic structure you can see in the picture below. Tires for passenger cars and trucks consist of four main parts: crown, shoulder, hip and foot.

1 - crown ply, 2 - tread; 3 - radial ply, 4 - side, 5 - inner rubber layer, 6 - foot, 7 - foot rope
construction of the tire casing

Basic raw materials for tire production are: elastomers (natural or synthetic rubbers), additives for rubber compounds, cords made of natural and synthetic fibers, steel fibers, cords and finally steel foot rope.

1 - Crown ply (bumper)

a transition between the tread and the tire casing. Its task is to stabilize the tread in the circumferential direction and increase the resistance to puncture tires. The trucks are used on average three to four, the most personal of two buffer layers. Radial tires are now almost exclusively made of steel cord buffer (tires Steel).

2 - tread

is a very important part of the shell fitted pattern. Tread wheels ensures contact with the road and its thickness affects the heat tires. Due to energy losses and wear should be as thin as possible. However, this does not apply to tires for trucks, which is usually tread designed for the possibility of further cuts tread .

3 - radial ply (skeleton)

is an essential part of the mantle is composed kordovými inserts. Structure and composition of these elements determine the basic properties of tires. During the development of tires changed and the system of laying fiber material. From cross-fabric parallel to the ancient history of the laying non-woven fiber cord in the present. Depending on the composition ply tires distinguish radial and diagonal .

4 - side

skeleton provides protection against external influences. It is made of natural rubber to withstand multiple bend.

5 - the inner rubber layer

prevents air leakage from inside the casing. The tubeless tire plays the role of the soul. It is made of rubber Bytylového.

6 - foot

part of the shell is reinforced dosedající the steel rim. Form a bead core foot rope made of high strength steel cable. Serves to anchor foot cord inserts and ensures a secure fit tires on rim.

7 - foot cable

ensures proper seating of the tire rim. It also ensures tightness of connections with the rim and transfer longitudinal forces (due to friction between the rim and tire bead)

Video

History
Discoverer of vulcanization of natural rubber by Charles Goodyear American born on 29 December 1800 in Connecticut. Charles Goodyear performed experiments by adding various additives to the rubber, but without much success. Properties of products from raw rubber were unsatisfactory, so is Charles Goodyear began coloring that at least looked like rubber. Once he decided to remove the paint with nitric acid and found that the shoes black. Is postponed. A few days later he found that they are smooth and inviscid. Later we met Nathaniel Hayward, who bought the patent for hardening rubber by adding sulfur. But even this solution does not lead to desired goals. Only in 1839, reportedly by accident, there was a revolutionary discovery, Goodyear dropped a piece of rubber processed according bought the patent for a hot plate stove. When you seškrabávání Goodyear noted that some of the rubber became resilient and tough. After a series of further experiments reached in 1844 the patent for vulcanization of natural rubber. Goodyear was not a good businessman. Although Goodyear became the founder of the rubber industry, after his death left a debt of $ 200,000 descendants.

The production casing is the first Czech Tomas Bata in care facilities Tomas Bata University, Zlín 1932nd First Bata brand tires were fitted on the way Zlin - Luhačovice. After the war, in 1945 the three largest tire manufacturers united under one brand - Barum. The name originated from the initial letters of the company Bata, Ruben, Matador. In 1972 it opened a newly built pneumatikárna Otrokovice in an area of 13 hectares.

Text: John Sajdl
Photo: www.tyre.ie, archive
Keywords: tires, construction, vulcanization, the invention