Exhaust emissions

With increasing exhalacím in densely populated areas and newly introduced environmental taxes are exhaust emissions carefully monitored variable. Today, most manufacturers automatically gives the value of CO2 in the specifications for each vehicle. Carbon dioxide is unfortunately not the only component of the exhaust gases that come from other exhaust fumes?

To be homologated cars must meet a number of standards, among other important emission standards. Emission standard determines the amount of gas that a car can emit into the atmosphere. In the Czech Republic provides these values by Act No. 56/2001 Coll. as amended. These rules are based on the standards of the UN Economic Commission and the European Community (EC). Standards as a summary term emission regulations using the designation + number EURO standards , such as the currently valid Euro 5 . With these standards in Europe is doing to reduce emissions such as CO ₂ , although paradoxically EURO standard limit for carbon dioxide does. From 1995 to 2003, the average emissions of CO ₂ from 186 to 164 g / km. Economic Commission for Europe would like to reach the general average of 120 g / km by 2012. Development and production of such engines by carmakers is very expensive. One way to encourage development of clean engines, tax and other deductions for environmentally conscious motorists.

Most manufacturers are of the opinion that the introduction of new emission standards Euro will lead to an increase in prices of new cars. On the other hand, the introduction of new standards Euro 5 reduce the amount of soot in diesel engines to Euro 4 fivefold. It is interesting that the currently valid Euro 5 standard allows for 97% less soot than fifteen years old standard EURO 1

Viewed emission components:

CO - a colorless gas, tasteless and odorless, lighter than air, non-irritating, explosive, carbon monoxide binds to hemoglobin (blood pigment) 200 to 300 times faster than oxygen, which is displaced in this manner, thus preventing transfer of air from the lungs into tissues - is toxic. Is generated by incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons. In normal concentrations in the atmosphere fairly soon oxidized to carbon dioxide CO ₂ .

CO ₂ - a colorless gas, odorless and tasteless, not poisonous, but the effects of CO increases and contributes to the greenhouse effect. Euro emission standard does not limit the amount of CO ₂ . more about CO ₂ here .

HC - unburned hydrocarbons, aromatics containing carcinogenic, toxic aldehydes and alkanes and alkenes non-poisonous, plus other components. Are formed during combustion, unless an adequate supply of oxygen or too lean and cylinder neprohoří enough. The sunlight react with nitrogen oxides to form a substance irritating to mucous membranes. In summer, the substances involved in the penetration of toxic ozone.

NO _x - nitrogen oxides have similar effects as NO, NO _2, attack the lungs and mucous membranes. Formed in the engine at high temperatures and pressures during combustion with excess oxygen. Some oxides of nitrogen are harmful! Measures to reduce fuel consumption can lead to an increase in the proportion of nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases, for more efficient combustion leads to higher combustion temperatures. It often happens that the "ecological" turbo does have low CO ₂ emissions, but due to excessive production of NO _x emission standards is only Euro fourth Solution reduction of nitrogen oxides as additive AdBlue .

SO ₂ - pungent-smelling, colorless, nonflammable gas, attacks the mucous membranes and lungs. Supports creation of respiratory diseases. Using fuel with lower sulfur content of the carbon dioxide in the exhaust gases reduced.

Lead - Lead is a toxic heavy metal, today's fuel at gas stations normally only available free of lead, lead lubricating additives are replaced.

PM (soot) - PM (Particulate Matter) soot particles, cause mechanical irritation, act as carriers of carcinogens and mutagens.

Additional emission components:

N ₂ - nitrogen is not combustible, toxic, colorless, odorless gas. Nitrogen is a major component of the air we breathe (78% N _2, O ₂ 21%, 1% other gases). Most of the nitrogen after the combustion process returns in the exhaust gases back into the atmosphere. A small portion of it reacts with oxygen and nitrogen oxides _NO x.